Where you live can directly affect the risk of developing dementia and deaths caused by it. A recent Cambridge University study that examined data from about 41 million people between 2011 and 2023 in England has reached unexpected findings in this area.
An unexpected pattern of mortality
The results of this study, published by National Geographic, show that the highest dementia-related mortality rates are observed not in densely populated cities nor in remote rural areas, but in suburbs and areas with medium population density. This pattern contradicts the common perception that urban life or rural isolation are the most dangerous environments.
Researchers attribute this finding to a combination of factors: these areas may simultaneously face environmental disadvantages and difficulty accessing specialized medical services. Hearing clinics and screenings for metabolic risk factors such as diabetes, high cholesterol and blood sugar levels are less accessible in such areas. In addition, higher levels of social isolation compared with city centers contribute to the issue.
The impact of improving the environment on reducing mortality
The study confirms that improving the quality of open spaces and access to services in the most deprived communities can reduce dementia-related deaths by up to 10.5 percent. This figure indicates that investment in urban infrastructure and health services, even in resource-limited communities, can have a striking effect on brain health.
“Environment” has become a key part of brain health assessment
Experts noted that the concept of “environment” or the “Exposome” has become a key part of brain health assessment. Within this framework, modifiable factors (such as isolation, hearing loss, pollution and dietary patterns) play a role in determining dementia risk level. This approach shifts focus from unchangeable genetic factors toward intervenable environmental factors.
Emphasis on policymaking, not moving residence
Experts emphasize that these results are primarily intended to guide public policy, urban planning and the equitable distribution of treatment centers, not to push individuals to change their place of residence. In other words, the primary responsibility lies with policymakers and urban planners to create healthier environments for all ages by improving access to services and reducing social isolation.
Prevention steps and maintaining brain health
At the individual level, several key actions can also reduce the risk of dementia:
Regular exercise: the most important factor in reducing risks and lowering depression and blood pressure.
Early hearing screening: reduces stress on the brain and prevents social isolation.
Following a balanced diet: such as adopting a low-sugar Mediterranean-style diet.
Increasing social interaction: engaging with family and friends supports mental health and concentration.
These findings are published as the elderly population worldwide is increasing and dementia has become one of the greatest health challenges of the century. According to experts, combining smart urban policy with individual lifestyle changes is the most effective way to address this challenge.